General information
The method of assessment used by the IBO is criterion-related, rather than norm-referenced. That is to say, the method of assessment judges each student in relation to identified assessment criteria and not in relation to the work of other students.
There are two different methods of assessment in the Diploma Programme visual arts course: external and internal. Externally assessed work is marked by examiners; internally assessed work is marked by teachers. The marking for both external and internal components is subject to moderation.
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Both the studio work and the investigation workbooks are assessed using markband descriptors.
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The investigation workbooks are externally assessed for option B and internally assessed for option A. The studio work is externally assessed for option A and internally assessed for option B.
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The markband descriptors appear on the following pages. Each markband is differentiated according to whether the student is HL or SL and option A or B. It is important to refer to the “Syllabus outline” section for information about the differences between each option, level and component.
Using the markbands
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In applying the markbands the aim is to find the descriptor that conveys most adequately the level attained by the student’s work. Having scrutinized the work to be assessed, the descriptors for each markband should be read, starting with level 0, until a descriptor is reached that most appropriately describes the level achieved by the student. If a piece of work seems to fall between two descriptors both descriptors should be read again, and the one that most appropriately describes the student’s work chosen.
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Four marks are available for each descriptor. Examiners and teachers should award the upper marks if the student’s work demonstrates most or all of the qualities described or the lower marks if the student’s work demonstrates only some of the qualities described.
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Only whole numbers must be used: fractions and decimals are not acceptable.
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The markbands should be available to students at all times.
Markband descriptors
Investigation
(Option B: external assessment; option A: internal assessment)
These markbands are concerned with the student's individual investigation (both written and visual) into visual arts in its past, present and emerging cultural contexts. They are also concerned with the student's investigation into visual qualities, ideas, themes and issues, both in written and visual forms. This should include the analysis of images and artifacts—including original, appropriated and recycled ones—found in art styles and movements from different cultures and times, and should encompass the student’s technical skills and experimentation in using different media.
In the investigation, the student should take an independent and integrated approach towards his or her work. The investigation should show breadth and depth in making connections and reaching informed conclusions. A range of sources should be used, which must all be acknowledged properly. The work should show evidence of critical discrimination and demonstrate the student’s developing use of the specialist vocabulary of visual arts.
The definition of “culture” in this context is given in the “Syllabus details” section.
The markbands for HLB, SLB/HLA and SLA are differentiated.
| Markbands | Descriptor |
| HLB | SLB/ HLA | SLA |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | Investigation has not reached level 1. |
| N/A | N/A | 1–4 | -
Presents art from different cultures and/or times, and rarely considers it for its function and/or significance. -
Demonstrates the development of few skills, techniques and processes when making and describing images and artifacts. -
Demonstrates few investigative strategies into visual qualities, ideas and their contexts, and these lack organization and focus. -
Demonstrates little depth and/or breadth through a very poor development of ideas. -
Demonstrates little use of the specialist vocabulary of visual arts. -
Uses a limited range of sources and acknowledges them inadequately. -
Presents little of the work effectively and/or creatively and demonstrates little critical observation. -
Presents little relationship between investigation and studio. |
| N/A | 1–4 | 5–8 | -
Presents and describes art from different cultures and times, and sometimes considers it for its function and/or significance. -
Demonstrates the development of a limited number of effective skills, techniques and processes when making and describing images and artifacts. -
Demonstrates investigative strategies into visual qualities, ideas and their contexts that lack organization and/or focus. -
Demonstrates limited depth and/or breadth through a poor development of ideas. -
Demonstrates limited and/or generally inaccurate use of the specialist vocabulary of visual arts. -
Uses a limited range of sources and acknowledges them inadequately. -
Presents a limited amount of the work effectively and/or creatively and demonstrates limited critical observation. -
Presents a limited relationship between investigation and studio. |
| 1–4 | 5–8 | 9–12 | -
Presents, describes and sometimes analyses art from different cultures and times, and sometimes considers it for its function and significance. -
Demonstrates the development of some effective skills, techniques and processes when making and describing and/or analysing images and artifacts. -
Demonstrates some organized and focused investigative strategies into visual qualities, ideas and their contexts. -
Demonstrates, at times, emerging depth and/or breadth through a mediocre development of ideas and few explained connections between the work and that of others. -
Demonstrates mediocre and sometimes inaccurate use of the specialist vocabulary of visual arts. -
Uses a range of sources and acknowledges them properly most of the time. -
Presents some of the work fairly effectively and/or creatively and demonstrates some emerging critical observation. -
Presents a developing relationship between investigation and studio. |
| 5–8 | 9–12 | 13–16 | -
Considers, describes, analyses and compares satisfactorily art from different cultures and times, and considers it for its function and significance satisfactorily most of the time. -
Demonstrates the development of mostly effective skills, techniques and processes when making and analysing images and artifacts. -
Demonstrates organized and mostly focused investigative strategies into visual qualities, ideas and their contexts. -
Demonstrates satisfactory depth and breadth through some successful development of ideas and some explained connections between the work and that of others. -
Demonstrates satisfactory and generally accurate use of the specialist vocabulary of visual arts. -
Uses a range of sources and acknowledges them properly. -
Presents some of the work effectively and creatively and demonstrates some satisfactory critical observation and reflection. -
Presents a reasonably focused relationship between investigation and studio. |
| 9–12 | 13–16 | 17–20 | -
Analyses and compares thoughtfully most of the time art from different cultures and times, and usually considers it carefully for its function and significance. -
Demonstrates the development of effective skills, techniques and processes when making and analysing images and artifacts. -
Demonstrates coherent and focused investigative strategies into visual qualities, ideas and their contexts, more than one approach towards their study, and some connections between them. -
Demonstrates good depth and breadth through a mostly successful development of ideas and explained connections between the work and that of others. -
Demonstrates mostly careful and accurate use of the specialist vocabulary of visual arts. -
Uses an appropriate range of sources and acknowledges them properly. -
Presents the work effectively and creatively and demonstrates some good critical observation and reflection. -
Presents a focused relationship between investigation and studio. |
| 13–16 | 17–20 | N/A | -
Analyses and compares thoughtfully art from different cultures and times, and considers it carefully for its function and significance. -
Demonstrates the development of a range of effective skills, techniques and processes when making and analysing images and artifacts. -
Demonstrates coherent, focused and individual investigative strategies into visual qualities, ideas and their contexts, a range of different approaches towards their study, and some informed connections between them. -
Demonstrates very good depth and breadth through a successful development and synthesis of ideas and well-explained connections between the work and that of others. -
Demonstrates mostly effective and accurate use of the specialist vocabulary of visual arts. -
Uses an appropriate range of sources and acknowledges them properly. -
Presents the work effectively and creatively and demonstrates some thoughtful critical observation, reflection and discrimination. -
Presents a clear relationship between investigation and studio. |
| 17–20 | N/A | N/A | -
Analyses and compares perceptively art from different cultures and times, and considers it thoughtfully for its function and significance. -
Demonstrates the development of an appropriate range of effective skills, techniques and processes when making and analysing images and artifacts. -
Demonstrates coherent, focused and individual investigative strategies into visual qualities, ideas and their contexts, an appropriate range of different approaches towards their study, and some fresh connections between them. -
Demonstrates considerable depth and breadth through the successful development and synthesis of ideas and thoroughly explained connections between the work and that of others. -
Demonstrates effective and accurate use of the specialist vocabulary of visual arts. -
Uses an appropriate range of sources and acknowledges them properly. -
Presents the work effectively and creatively and demonstrates effective critical observation, reflection and discrimination. -
Presents a close relationship between investigation and studio. |
Studio: option A
(External assessment)
These markbands are concerned with the student's ability to create personally relevant artworks. These artworks should show exploration of ideas that reflect cultural and historical awareness. These should also demonstrate technical competence and artistic qualities that challenge and extend personal boundaries.
Please refer to “Choice of media” in the “Syllabus details” section for information regarding students’ experience in a variety of media.
The markbands for HLA (left-hand column) and SLA (right-hand column) are differentiated.
| Markbands HLA | Descriptor | Markbands SLA |
| 0 | Studio has not reached level 1. | 0 |
| N/A | | 1–4 |
| 1–4 | -
Exhibits mediocre understanding of the ideas and techniques that underpin artistic expression. -
Demonstrates an attempt to produce some personally relevant artworks that show some exploration of ideas reflecting cultural and historical awareness and artistic qualities. -
Shows the beginnings of development of the use of materials but ideas remain unresolved. -
Displays mediocre technical competence. | 5–8 |
| 5–8 | -
Exhibits satisfactory understanding of the ideas and techniques that underpin artistic expression. -
Demonstrates the production of personally relevant artworks that show satisfactory exploration of ideas reflecting cultural and historical awareness and artistic qualities. -
Shows development of ideas. -
Displays a developing sensitivity to materials and their use, resulting in a partial resolution of ideas and medium. -
Displays satisfactory technical competence. | 9–12 |
| 9–12 | -
Exhibits good understanding of the ideas and techniques that underpin artistic expression. -
Demonstrates the production of personally relevant artworks that show good exploration of ideas reflecting cultural and historical awareness and artistic qualities. -
Shows development of ideas and strategies for expression. -
Displays sensitivity to materials and their use. The work has been reviewed and modified as it has progressed, resulting in an increasingly informed resolution of ideas and medium. -
Displays good technical competence. -
Demonstrates an emerging confidence. -
Shows self-direction and an increasingly independent judgment. | 13–16 |
| 13–16 | -
Exhibits very good understanding of the ideas and techniques that underpin artistic expression. -
Consistently demonstrates the production of personally relevant artworks that show very good exploration of ideas reflecting cultural and historical awareness and artistic qualities. -
Shows thoughtful development of ideas and strategies for expression. -
Displays sensitivity to materials and their use. The collection of work has been reviewed, modified and refined as it has progressed, resulting in an informed resolution of ideas and medium. -
Displays very good technical competence. -
Demonstrates confidence and inventiveness. -
Shows self-direction and independent judgment. | 17–20 |
| 17–20 | -
Exhibits excellent understanding of the ideas and techniques that underpin artistic expression. -
Consistently demonstrates the production of personally relevant artworks that show excellent exploration of ideas reflecting cultural and historical awareness and artistic qualities. -
Shows thoughtful development of ideas and strategies for expression. -
Displays sensitivity to materials and their use. The coherent body of work has been reviewed, modified and refined as it has progressed, resulting in an accomplished resolution of ideas and medium. -
Displays excellent technical competence. -
Demonstrates confidence and inventiveness. -
Shows an informed, reflective judgment that challenges and extends personal boundaries. | N/A |
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